As a practicing psychiatrist, I often find myself having nuanced conversations with patients about substances and their effects on mental health. One of the most frequently discussed substances is marijuana. With its increasing legalization and cultural acceptance, many people assume it’s a safe option—even a therapeutic one. But when it comes to mental health, the relationship between marijuana and the mind is more complicated.
Why People Use Marijuana to Self-Medicate Mental Health Issues
Many people with anxiety, PTSD, insomnia, or depression turn to marijuana for relief. It can provide short-term calm, help with sleep, or offer a brief escape from distress.
But while marijuana may soothe symptoms temporarily, it doesn’t address the root cause—and in many cases, it can make underlying conditions worse over time.
The Risks Beneath the Surface
Here’s what’s often left out of casual conversations or social media narratives about marijuana use: for those with mental health vulnerabilities, cannabis can do more harm than good.
- Anxiety and Panic Attacks
While some strains may relax certain users, marijuana—particularly high-THC products—can exacerbate anxiety in others. A 2018 study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders found that cannabis use was linked to heightened anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults. High-potency THC can also cause physical symptoms (racing heart, dizziness) that mimic panic attacks. - Depression and Motivation
Frequent marijuana use can lead to what’s sometimes called “amotivational syndrome”—a pattern of low energy, decreased drive, and reduced interest in activities. A 2021 meta-analysis in JAMA Psychiatry reported that heavy cannabis use is linked to higher rates of depression. While marijuana can numb feelings, long-term use often deepens apathy and emotional disconnection. - Psychosis and Schizophrenia
This is one of the most serious concerns. Multiple studies—including a large meta-analysis published in The Lancet Psychiatry (2019)—have found a strong link between high-potency cannabis use and increased risk of psychotic disorders, especially in genetically vulnerable individuals. - Dependence and Withdrawal
Contrary to the myth that marijuana isn’t addictive, cannabis use disorder is a recognized diagnosis. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), around 30% of users may develop some degree of use disorder. Withdrawal symptoms like irritability, insomnia, and low mood can make it even harder for individuals with existing mental health challenges to stabilize.
Why Teens and Young Adults Are at Higher Risk
The brain continues developing into the mid-20s, making adolescents and young adults especially vulnerable to marijuana’s harmful effects.
A comprehensive review in the New England Journal of Medicine highlights the long-term cognitive, emotional, and psychiatric risks linked to early cannabis use—including memory problems, lower motivation, and increased risk of mental illness.
What I Tell My Patients
My stance isn’t rooted in judgment—it’s rooted in care. I want my patients to feel empowered and informed. If you’re using marijuana and also managing a mental health condition, here are a few things to consider:
- Be honest with your providers about your use. We’re not here to judge. We’re here to help.
- Pay attention to patterns. Does marijuana genuinely help your symptoms—or does it just provide temporary relief while deeper issues remain untouched?
- Be open to other treatments. There are evidence-based therapies and medications that may offer more sustainable, long-term improvement without the risks.
Final Thoughts
Marijuana may feel like a quick fix, but for many struggling with mental health, it’s a detour that delays healing. If you’re curious or concerned about how marijuana might be affecting your mental well-being, reach out to a mental health professional. Together, we can explore safer, more effective paths.
For more information on cannabis use disorder or to reach out to me, please visit my website.